Back in March, I posted about See Jane, an organization founded by Geena Davis to increase the percentages of female characters and reduce gender stereotyping in media made for children 11 and under. I was surprised to learn what disparity there was in gender roles, but also thrilled that someone was addressing the issue.
See Jane started by looking at movies for children. As part of their series on Gender Portrayals in G-Rated Movies, the organization released the first brief “Where the Girls Aren’t: Gender Disparity Saturates G-Rated Films” early in 2006. What an eye-opener that was. Here are some of my thoughts (from my March post):
Realizing how under-represented female characters are in what my sons watch was surprising and disturbing. I feel like I’ve made a fairly decent effort over the last several years to expose my older son to strong female characters – Dora the Explorer, Kim Possible, The Power Puff Girls, Mulan – but hearing the ratio of female to male characters in movies made me stop and think. In many of the books we read our son, there is a female main character, but she is often the sister of a male co-lead character as in the Magic Treeehouse books.
Disney has done a decent job of featuring strong female characters in a number of movies over the last several years – Mulan, Pocahantas, Lilo and Stitch, The Little Mermaid – however, they also have an enormous line of “Princess” merchandise geared toward little girls, which reinforces every gender role stereotype. My older son (now 6) thought Mulan was a great movie until a few months ago, when he noticed that the Mulan character was part of the Disney Princess squad (along with Ariel from The Little Mermaid, Pocahantas, Cinderella, Snow White, and others). What was once a family movie with a positive feminist role model is now considered a chick flick for the 6 to 12 set – all because of its main character’s new context as “princess.” In my view, Disney’s Princess line cancels out all the good they have done by developing these strong female leads. The Disney Princess Website greets new visitors with “Welcome, Princess!” and offers parenting tips in four categories – storytime tips, party tips, musical tips, and (hold on to your hat) beauty tips. Because we all know a good female role model would never go out without the proper makeup. Feh.
Recently, See Jane released the second brief in this series – “G Movies Give Boys a D: Portraying Males as Dominant, Disconnected, and Dangerous.” The research looked at the 101 top-grossing G-rated movies released from 1990 to 2004 (although, sadly, they didn’t publish a list of these movies), and turned up some interesting findings:
* Characters of color are most often sidekicks, comic relief, or villains. (Not surprising, but disturbing.)
* G-rated films show “few examples” of male characters who are husbands and/or fathers. (That actually was surprising.)
* Pre-schoolers are especially impressionable regarding gender roles, as this is the age when children have their “ideas of manhood and womanhood shaped and integrated into their own personalities.”
As the mother of two sons, I expected these findings to hit me harder. Maybe I wasn’t terribly surprised by any of it. Or maybe I’ve become desensitized from watching too many violent movies. Heh. In part, I guess I don’t pay as much attention to adult male characters in G movies as I do to the young male characters. And those young males (think Andy in Toy Story) just don’t seem very Disconnected, or Dangerous. I really don’t think my 6-year-old pays nearly as much attention to adult male characters as he does to child characters (of either gender) in movies.
Although this brief did not get as strong of a reaction from me as the earlier one, I am looking forward to the next two in the series on Gender Portrayals in G Movies – “Occupational Expectations for Girls and Boys” and “Body Image and Hyper-Sexuality.” Oh, I can hardly wait for that last one. I think I’ll personally deliver a copy of it to the makers of Braatz dolls.
See Jane is also releasing a separate study this fall on Gender Portrayals in TV for Children 11 and Under. You can bet your Kim Possible action figures that I will be discussing that here.
The research and advocacy work being done by See Jane is incredibly important to our children. Because what David Walsh (founder of National Institute on Media and the Family) said is so, so true: “Whoever tells the story defines the culture.” The stories being told in G-rated movies are defining the culture for our children. So to them, being a girl means being a Disney princess, and being a boy means being an action hero or adventurer or one who “saves” the girl/princess. Is that the culture in which we want our children to live?
I’m curious to hear from you. Who is “defining the culture” for your children? How are you addressing gender roles in kids’ media with your own children? I’m especially interested in hearing from those of you who have daughters….How does a feminist mom (or dad) respond to Disney princesses?
Keep an eye on what See Jane is doing. Get on their e-mail list. Show your support. Check out their recommendations for parents and children. As I’ve said, they are doing some important work and calling attention to things that all of us, as parents, should be aware of. Most importantly, they’re encouraging us to be active – not passive – in our consumption of media, and to think critically about what our children are hearing and seeing.
This post is in response to Her Bad Mother’s Call to Action.
September 14, 2006 at 2:19 pm
As the mother of two little girls, I’m thrilled that you’ve brought this effort to our attention. I will definitely get on the e-mail list and check out the recommendations.
I don’t rail against the Disney Princesses or Barbie the way I do against Bratz (Tacy knows that Bratz are completely off-limits), but I don’t promote them.
More movies with great female characters include “Anastasia” (with a little bit of history thrown in too!) and “A Bug’s Life” (where there’s a queen and a princess, but they are the leaders – not just eye-candy waiting for rescue) and “Shrek” (which teaches some good lessons about appearances).
September 14, 2006 at 5:14 pm
The amazing thing is that out of the four female characters you called out as strong women, I find Kim Possible highly offensive because of the way she is drawn. She is a teenager, but she has enormous breats compared to her tiny waist. I find it unhealthy for the little girls to see her as a role model with her impossible physique.
September 14, 2006 at 6:02 pm
You’re definitely right about this being a problem, and I don’t see Hollywood changing anytime soon .. Miyazaki, in his Japanese movies with Hollywood voiceovers, has made some truly great heroines, especially Kiki in Kiki’s Delivery Service
September 14, 2006 at 8:45 pm
We allow Disney Princess stuff, but I’m not rushing to show Cordy any of the Princess movies yet. And we always tell her that she’s a warrior princess – she can be feminine and stick up for herself at the same time.
I love Miyazaki movies like Kiki’s Delivery Service. When Aaron and I first saw the movie, before we were even married, we went out and bought it to show our future children. I also love Sailor Moon, because of the strong, yet flawed heroines.
September 14, 2006 at 11:20 pm
I’m okay with the Disney Princesses for my five-year-old. She loves to dress up as a princess but really thinks that a princess is just someone who wears a fancy dress. She doesn’t (yet?) seem to associate princesses with being helpless. She still plays soccer and loves to climb and do other non-stereotypical girl things, though often in her fanciest pink clothes.
Regarding media influences, I try to temper them or talk about how things could be different. For instance, we talk about why if I were a fairy I would have given different gifts (not beauty or singing) to Sleeping Beauty. We also read books like Princesses are Not Quitters and Princess Smartypants to use the “princess” as a good role model. We’ve also sought out other books and movies with positive role models, such as “Not One Damsel In Distress,” a book of short stories with strong women from many different cultures, and the already mentioned Kiki’s Delivery Service.
But, to my dismay, her favorite movie is Barbie’s Princess and the Pauper.
September 15, 2006 at 12:55 am
Thanks for this great post. I’ve always loved Mulan (great historical basis, female role model, and even Chinese!), and hadn’t thought about her being “tainted” with the Princess brush. The Disney Princess empire is a brilliant marketing scheme, but I hate to see it well on its way to world domination.
September 15, 2006 at 8:53 pm
As a mom to two girls (2 & 4) I am just not a disney princess fan. In fact the mainstream idea of a princess (waiting for her prince to come) really bugs me. We try to read stories about strong female characters. This is much more prevelant in books than in the movies. One of my favorites is “The Paperbag Princess”. I am glad to see an organization like “See Jane” out there, perhaps we will see some new characters that are strong women. Women who will be happy even if the prince doesn’t come along.
September 21, 2006 at 9:14 pm
I can’t believe that I missed this last week, but I’m waaaay behind on everything, so you’ll forgive me?
This is FANTASTIC information. See Jane provides an invaluable resource, and you’ve done a fantastic job of laying bare the issue here – children need good role models in both sexes, and they need role models that appeal beyond gender (that is, for example, female role models that appeal to boys, as well.)
September 22, 2006 at 2:10 pm
Oh YES! It is a real issue. In fact, I stumbled upon the issue afresh from my controversial sitemeter. I blogged about how tough it is to raise girls in a world where girls are sex objects and boys have lives.
I had no idea about this organization and am excited to learn more about it.
Thanks!